A sandrail, or sand rail, is a lightweight motor vehicle specifically built for traveling across sandy terrain. Its light weight and sand tires allows the sandrail to skim over the top of the sand without getting stuck. A sandrail has a low center of gravity which permits it to turn even on the face of a sand dune. Many types of off-road vehicles are relatively top heavy and can only safely climb or descend steep hills with a mostly perpendicular approach.
It is built from a tubular space frame chassis that incorporates an integrated roll cage. There are usually no windows, doors, fenders, or body panels. The engine is typically at the rear or mid mounted. Lightweight and air cooled engines like from the VW Beetle, early air cooled Porches or the Chevrolet Corvair were originally used, but many of the new high dollar models now feature water cooled engines such as those found in the world’s fastest production motorcycle, the Suzuki Hayabusa.
The front tires are normally narrow as this allows them to dig into the sand while turning, and the rear tires are large (to provide traction). Sandrails are almost always rear-wheel drive. Ideally, the rear tires will be paddle tires.
What is a dune buggy?
A dune buggy is a recreational vehicle with large wheels, and wide tires, designed for use on sand dunes or beaches. The design is usually a modified vehicle with a modified engine mounted on an open chassis. The modifications usually attempt to increase the power to weight ratio by either lightening the vehicle or increasing engine power or both. They are also often referred to as air buggies, and those with an open frame chassis are called sandrails.
Initially dune buggies were designed for navigating desert or beaches (hence the word "dune"). However, dune buggies have become more diversified in terms of the terrain they can handle and are being built for more generic off road tasks, such as CORR / SCORE indoor track racing. Some are even built for and used as on-road vehicles. Typically the function is determined before the buggy is created in order to maximize the comfort or abilities of the vehicle.